Tá an scagaire ola roinnte ina chineál sreabhadh iomlán agus cineál sreabhadh scoilte. Tá an scagaire lánsreafa ceangailte i sraith idir an caidéal ola agus an príomh-sliocht ola, ionas gur féidir leis an ola bhealaithe go léir a théann isteach sa phríomhshliocht ola a scagadh. Tá an scagaire sreafa scoilte ceangailte go comhthreomhar leis an bpríomhshlí ola chun cuid den ola bhealaithe a sheol an caidéal ola a scagadh. Le linn an phróisis oibre an t-inneall, smionagar chaitheamh miotail, deannach, taiscí carbóin agus taiscí collóideach ocsaídithe ag teocht ard, uisce, srl. a mheascadh i gcónaí isteach san ola bhealaithe. The function of the oil filter is to filter out these mechanical impurities and colloids, keep the lubricating oil clean, and extend its service life.
The oil filter should have strong filtering capacity, friotaíocht sreabhadh íseal, agus saol seirbhíse fada. Go ginearálta, several filters with different filter capabilities are installed in the lubrication system—collecting filter, coarse filter and fine filter, which are respectively connected in parallel or in series in the main oil passage. (The one connected in series with the main oil passage is called a full-flow filter. When the engine is working, all lubricating oil is filtered through the filter; the one connected in parallel is called a split-flow filter). The coarse filter is connected in series in the main oil passage, which is a full-flow type; the fine filter is connected in parallel in the main oil passage, which is a split-flow type. Modern car engines generally only have a filter and a full-flow oil filter. The coarse filter filters out impurities with a particle size of 0.05mm or more in the oil, and the fine filter is used to filter out fine impurities with a particle size of 0.001mm or more.
Technical characteristics of oil filter:
• Filter paper: Tá ceanglais níos airde ag scagairí ola maidir le páipéar scagtha ná scagairí aeir, go príomha toisc go n-athraíonn teocht an ola ó 0 chun 300 céimeanna. Under severe temperature changes, athraíonn tiúchan an ola dá réir sin freisin. It will affect the filtering flow of the oil. The filter paper of a high-quality oil filter should be able to filter impurities under severe temperature changes while ensuring sufficient flow.
• Rubber sealing ring: The filter sealing ring of high-quality engine oil is made of special rubber to ensure 100% oil-free leakage.
• Backflow suppression valve: ar fáil ach amháin i scagairí ola ardchaighdeáin. When the engine is turned off, is féidir leis an scagaire ola a chosc ó thriomú amach; when the engine is re-ignited, it immediately generates pressure to supply oil to lubricate the engine. (Also called check valve)
• Relief valve: ar fáil ach amháin i scagairí ola ardchaighdeáin. When the external temperature drops to a certain value or when the oil filter exceeds the normal service life, osclóidh an comhla overflow faoi bhrú speisialta, ligean d'ola neamhscagtha sreabhadh go díreach isteach san inneall. Even so, the impurities in the oil will enter the engine together, but the damage is much smaller than the damage caused by the absence of oil in the engine. Dá bhrí sin, the overflow valve is the key to protect the engine in an emergency. (Also known as bypass valve)
